Every year, nearly 300 deaths can be traced to accidents involving ladders, according to the American Ladder Institute, a nonprofit trade association that promotes ladder safety. In addition, ladder misuse accounts for roughly 500,000 falls and 165,000 emergency room visits annually. The following tips will give you the lowdown on ladders and help you avoid a catastrophe:
Strength and material
All ladders are rated according to the total weight they can safely support, and this is one of the most crucial factors to consider when purchasing a ladder. The most common ratings are type 1A (supports 300 pounds), type 1 (supports 250 pounds), type 2 (supports 225 pounds) and type 3 (supports 200 pounds). Make sure you consider the type of project and materials you plan to use when selecting a weight category. If you’re going to carry heavy tools or gallons of paint on the ladder, add this weight to the total load capacity.
The most common products used in ladder construction are wood, aluminum and fiberglass. While wood isn’t as prevalent as it used to be, it’s still used to construct light, A-frame ladders. Aluminum is strong and less heavy when compared to wood, but fiberglass is the sturdiest of these materials. It’s also nonconductive — many experts recommend using fiberglass ladders when performing electrical work or work near power lines. Avoid using aluminum during such projects because it’s an excellent conductor of electricity.
Types of ladders
The three ladder types most commonly used in residential projects are extension, A-frame and multipurpose models. An extension ladder is used to reach high locations but isn’t self-supporting — it must lean against a sturdy surface such as a wall or roof. Tying it to a gutter or another sturdy item will help stabilize it and keep it from tipping, especially in windy conditions. Also, if you plan to access a roof, the ladder must extend 3 feet above the roofline.
An extension ladder’s feet should be placed on solid, level ground, and models with pivoting feet should sit firmly on the ground as well. Be sure to lean the ladder at the correct angle — usually about 75 degrees.
A-frame ladders are freestanding and usually have steps on one side. They’re handy for work performed away from a supporting structure. Be sure to follow the instructions on how high you can safely go. For example, the maximum height for a 6-foot ladder is 3 feet 10 inches (the distance your feet should be from the ground). The maximum height allowable is often conspicuously marked on the ladder. Never stand on the top step — this makes the ladder unstable and often results in a fall.
Finally, multipurpose ladders are versatile for varying projects around the home. They can work as an A-frame or extension ladder and even as a scaffold. Folding joints allow these types to function in several ways and make them compact for easy storage.
Ladder safety and maintenance
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